How to Become a U.S. Citizen after Marriage
Husbands and wives of U.S. citizens have a pathway to citizenship. However, before they can apply for naturalization, they must first become permanent residents (green card holders). Spouses of U.S. citizens only need to be permanent residents for three years before they can naturalize.
Steps to Become a U.S. Citizen After Marriage
The process of filing the application depends on whether the foreign-national spouse lives inside or outside the U.S.
If the applicant lives in the U.S.:
1. The sponsor (U.S. citizen spouse) files Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative.
2. The sponsor files Form I-864, Affidavit of Support (to prove that they have sufficient money to support the applicant’s stay in the U.S.)
3. The sponsor attaches relevant documents to the application, such as a copy of his/her marriage certificate and proof of citizenship.
4. The sponsor mails the application package to the appropriate USCIS address.
5. USCIS notifies the applicant on receipt of the application.
If approved, the applicant will be asked to appear for an interview at the USCIS office on a given date and time.
6. The applicant (foreign national spouse) awaits a response from USCIS.
7. If approved, the applicant files Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, with USCIS.
8. The applicant will receive the green card by mail, officially declaring them a permanent resident.
After three years as a U.S. citizen, the applicant may apply for citizenship through naturalization.
If the applicant lives outside the U.S.:
1. The sponsor (U.S. citizen spouse) files Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, with USCIS.
2. The sponsor files Form I-864, Affidavit of Support (to prove that they have sufficient money to support the applicant’s stay in the U.S.).
3. The applicant awaits a decision from USCIS.
If the I-130 is approved, the applicant will be notified to visit the nearest U.S. consulate, to complete the application.
4. The applicant (foreign national spouse) attends the interview at the U.S. consulate or embassy in the country where they live.
The applicant will also get their finger-prints recorded and have undergo medical tests as required by USCIS.
5. The applicant receives an immigration visa to travel to the U.S.
At their arrival in the U.S., their passport will get stamped at the port of entry (POE) by an immigration officer and they will be granted permission to enter the U.S.
6. Once in the U.S., the applicant will receive a green card in the mail.
After three years as a permanent resident, the applicant may apply for citizenship through naturalization.
